Last Updated : February 24, 2023

The 2023 Turkey Earthquake: Crustal deformation detected by ALOS-2 data

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Released: Feb. 9, 2023, update: Feb. 15 2023, Feb. 24 2023 Japanese version of this page

Summary

M7.7 and M7.6 (AFAD) earthquakes occurred in Turkey on February 6, 2023 (UTC). To measure the crustal deformation caused by this earthquake, we applied interferometric and pixel offset analysis using ALOS-2/PALSAR-2 data. The analysis clearly revealed the spatial distribution of crustal deformation.
  • The observed crustal deformation is consistent with that expected for a left-lateral fault.
  • Crustal deformation is observed along the East Anatolian Fault and the Çardak Fault.
  • In some areas in the proximity of the above fault zone, incoherent phases are observed. The ground surface may have been altered by the earthquake in these areas.
  • Over 5m displacement was observed across the East Anatolian fault. And, over 4m displacement was observed across the Çaldak fault.

InSAR pair

Fig.
#		 Date Time
(UTC)		 Flight
Dir.		 Beam
Dir.		 Obs.
Mode *1		 Incidence Angle
(around epicenter)		 Bperp
1,2,3 2022-09-16
2023-02-17		 9:33 Des. Right W-W
(350km)		 41.5° -49m
4,5,6 2022-09-05
2023-02-20		 21:28 Asc. Right W-W
(350km)		 40.5° 15m
7,8,9,11 2022-09-10
2023-02-11		 21:35 Asc. Right W-W
(350km)		 47.4° -233m
7,8,10,12 2022-09-11
2023-02-12		 9:25 Des. Right W-W
(350km)		 47.4° 464m
13,14,15 2022-04-06
2023-02-08		 9:40 Des. Right F-F
(10m)		 31.7° -435m
16,17,18 2019-09-18
2023-02-15		 21:21 Asc. Right W-W
(350km)		 44.9° -16m

*1 F: Stripmap (Fine), W:ScanSAR(Wide)
(cf. ALOS-2 Project / PALSAR-2 (JAXA))

SAR Interferograms

2023-02-17INSAR画像

Fig. 1 SAR interferogram [PNG: 1MB]
Epicenter and aftershock distribution are from AFAD catalog.

2023-02-17PixOffset画像(Range)

Fig. 2 Pixel offset method image(Beam Direction). [PNG: 1MB]
Epicenter and aftershock distribution are from AFAD catalog.
Fault lines are based on Styron et al. (2020)

2023-02-17PixOffset画像(Azimuth)

Fig. 3 Pixel offset method image(Flight Direction). [PNG: 1MB]
Epicenter and aftershock distribution are from AFAD catalog.
Fault lines are based on Styron et al. (2020)

2023-02-20INSAR画像

Fig. 4 SAR interferogram [PNG: 1MB]
Epicenter and aftershock distribution are from AFAD catalog.

2023-02-20PixOffset画像(Range)

Fig. 5 Pixel offset method image(Beam Direction). [PNG: 1MB]
Epicenter and aftershock distribution are from AFAD catalog.
Fault lines are based on Styron et al. (2020)

2023-02-20PixOffset画像(Azimuth)

Fig. 6 Pixel offset method image(Flight Direction). [PNG: 1MB]
Epicenter and aftershock distribution are from AFAD catalog.
Fault lines are based on Styron et al. (2020)

from2022-09-10to2023-02-11andfrom2022-09-11to2023-02-12PixelOffset画像

Fig. 7 Pixel offset method image(Beam Direction). [PNG: 1MB]
Epicenter and aftershock distribution are from AFAD catalog.
Fault lines are based on Styron et al. (2020)

from2022-09-10to2023-02-11andfrom2022-09-11to2023-02-12InSAR画像

Fig. 8 SAR interferogram. [PNG: 1MB]
Epicenter and aftershock distribution are from AFAD catalog.

from2022-09-10to2023-02-11PixelOffset画像

Fig. 9 Pixel offset method image(Beam Direction). [PNG: 1MB]
Epicenter and aftershock distribution are from AFAD catalog.
Fault lines are based on Styron et al. (2020)

from2022-09-11to2023-02-12PixelOffset画像

Fig. 10 Pixel offset method image(Beam Direction). [PNG: 1MB]
Epicenter and aftershock distribution are from AFAD catalog.
Fault lines are based on Styron et al. (2020)

from2022-09-10to2023-02-11InSAR画像

Fig. 11 SAR interferogram [PNG: 1MB]
Epicenter and aftershock distribution are from AFAD catalog.

from2022-09-11to2023-02-12InSAR画像

Fig. 12 SAR interferogram [PNG: 1MB]
Epicenter and aftershock distribution are from AFAD catalog.

2023-02-06INSAR画像

Fig. 13 SAR interferogram [PNG: 1MB]
Epicenter and aftershock distribution are from AFAD catalog.

2023-02-06PixOffset画像(Range)

Fig. 14 Pixel offset method image(Beam Direction). [PNG: 1MB]
Epicenter and aftershock distribution are from AFAD catalog.
Fault lines are based on Styron et al. (2020)

2023-02-06PixOffset画像(Azimuth)

Fig. 15 Pixel offset method image(Flight Direction). [PNG: 1MB]
Epicenter and aftershock distribution are from AFAD catalog.
Fault lines are based on Styron et al. (2020)

2023-02-15INSAR画像

Fig. 16 SAR interferogram [PNG: 1MB]
Epicenter and aftershock distribution are from AFAD catalog.

2023-02-15PixOffset画像(Range)

Fig. 17 Pixel offset method image(Beam Direction). [PNG: 1MB]
Epicenter and aftershock distribution are from AFAD catalog.
Fault lines are based on Styron et al. (2020)

2023-02-15PixOffset画像(Azimuth)

Fig. 18 Pixel offset method image(Flight Direction). [PNG: 1MB]
Epicenter and aftershock distribution are from AFAD catalog.
Fault lines are based on Styron et al. (2020)

range

Fig. 19 range

Analysis by GSI from ALOS-2 data of JAXA.
These results were obtained through the activity of the SAR analysis working group of the Coordinating Committee for Earthquake Prediction.

The 2023 Turkey Earthquake

Date-Time Feb. 6, 2023, 01:17(UTC)
Hypocenter
Location		 37.288°N, 37.043°E, Depth:8.6km
(AFAD, as of Feb. 13, 2023)
Magnitude M=7.7
(AFAD, as of Feb. 13, 2023)
Date-Time Feb. 6, 2023, 10:24(UTC)
Hypocenter
Location		 38.089°N, 37.239°E, Depth:7.0km
(AFAD, as of Feb. 13, 2023)
Magnitude M=7.6
(AFAD, as of Feb. 13, 2023)

Satellite

ALOS-2 (Advanced Land Observing Satellite 2) launched by Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency on May 24, 2014

Copyrights and Credits

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Contact

Geography and Crustal Dynamics Research Center
Crustal Deformation Research
MUNEKANE Hiroshi: Head of Division
Contact

Links

[Reference information] Analysis results on February 9, 2023

Summary

M7.8 and M7.5 (USGS) earthquakes occurred in Turkey on February 6, 2023 (UTC). To measure the crustal deformation caused by this earthquake, we applied interferometric and pixel offset analysis using ALOS-2/PALSAR-2 data. The analysis clearly revealed the spatial distribution of crustal deformation.
  • The observed crustal deformation is consistent with that expected for a left-lateral fault.
  • Crustal deformation is observed along the East Anatolian Fault.
  • In some areas in the proximity of the above fault zone, incoherent phases are observed. The ground surface may have been altered by the earthquake in these areas.
  • A crustal deformation reaching 2 m was observed in the direction of approaching/away from satellite.

InSAR pair

Fig.
#		 Date Time
(UTC)		 Flight
Dir.		 Beam
Dir.		 Obs.
Mode *1		 Incidence Angle
(around epicenter)		 Bperp
1,2 2022-04-06
2023-02-08		 9:40 Des. Right F-F
(10m)		 31.7° -435m

*1 F: Stripmap (Fine)
(cf. ALOS-2 Project / PALSAR-2 (JAXA))

SAR Interferograms

2023-02-06INSARimage

Fig. 1 SAR interferogram [PNG: 7MB]
Fault lines are based on Styron et al. (2020).

2023-02-06Pixel-Offset-Method-image

Fig. 2 Pixel offset method image [PNG: 5MB]
Fault lines are based on Styron et al. (2020).

 

range

Fig. 3 range

 

Analysis by GSI from ALOS-2 data of JAXA.
These results were obtained through the activity of the SAR analysis working group of the Coordinating Committee for Earthquake Prediction.

The 2023 Turkey Earthquake (Sourced by USGS)

Date-Time Feb. 6, 2023, 01:17(UTC)
Hypocenter
Location		 37.174°N, 37.032°E, Depth:17.9km
(USGS, as of Feb. 9, 2023)
Magnitude M=7.8
(USGS, as of Feb. 9, 2023)
Date-Time Feb. 6, 2023, 10:24(UTC)
Hypocenter
Location		 38.024°N, 37.203°E, Depth:10.0km
(USGS, as of Feb. 9, 2023)
Magnitude M=7.5
(USGS, as of Feb. 9, 2023)

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